The Carolina plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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Carolina’s center stands about 330 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 170 ft to 350 ft, a difference of 180 ft: gently rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Claiborne/Jackson Group; Residuum (clay), from the Eocene to Miocene, 5.3 to 56 million years old.
The section below crosses 5 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Clay. Age: Eocene to Miocene, 5.3 to 56 million years old. About 14 mi of the line.
Clay, limestone. Age: Eocene, 34 to 56 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Sand. Age: Holocene, less than 12,000 years old. About 4 mi of the line.
Sand. Age: Eocene, 34 to 56 million years old. About 0.8 mi of the line.
Sand, clay. Age: Miocene to Pliocene, 2.6 to 23 million years old. About 0.3 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Carolina reaches Pensacola Bay and the Gulf of America by way of Hog Foot Creek, Five Runs Creek and the Yellow: about 85 river miles.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Carolina; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
