The Modjeska plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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22° on Nov. 17, 1958, the coldest reading for this week of the year since 1897. Next is 25° in 1964.
Modjeska’s center stands about 1,350 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 820 ft to 3,350 ft, a difference of 2,530 ft: mountain country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Santiago Peak, about 5,660 ft, 5 miles east.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Upper Cretaceous marine rocks, unit 1 (Upper Great Valley Sequence) (sandstone, siltstone-mudstone), from the Late Cretaceous, 66 to 100 million years old.
The section below crosses 9 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 4×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Coarse-detrital. Age: Pleistocene to Holocene, less than 2.6 million years old. About 6 mi of the line.
Tonalite. Age: Middle Jurassic to Late Cretaceous, 66 to 175 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Sandstone, conglomerate. Age: Middle Eocene to Early Miocene, 16 to 48 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Felsic-volcanic, mafic-volcanic. Age: Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, 100 to 164 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Argillite. Age: Paleozoic to Late Jurassic, 145 to 542 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Sandstone, siltstone-mudstone. Age: Late Cretaceous, 66 to 100 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale. 3 smaller units along the line are not listed.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Modjeska reaches the Pacific Ocean by way of Santiago Creek and the Santa Ana: about 30 river miles.
Often dry. About 80% of the way is mapped as streams that run only after rain or snowmelt; the water makes the whole trip in floods.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Modjeska; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Modjeska has a hot semi-arid climate. Summer afternoons average 98° in August; winter nights fall to about 40° in December. About 12 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
On November 14 Modjeska normally reaches 74° and falls to 46°. The record high is 94°, in 1906; the record low 25°, in 1964. The most rain on this date, 0.97 in, fell in 1944.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1897 at Elsinore, 16 miles east. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
