The Air Force Academy plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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78° on Nov. 17, 1981, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1894. Next is 78° in 2016.
Air Force Academy’s center stands about 6,780 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 6,420 ft to 9,010 ft, a difference of 2,590 ft: mountain country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Pikes Peak, about 14,100 ft, 14 miles southwest.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Denver Fm or lower part of Dawson Arkose (arkose, shale, mudstone), from the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene, 56 to 100 million years old.
The section below crosses 6 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 6×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Arkose, conglomerate, shale. Age: Paleocene to Eocene, 34 to 66 million years old. About 10 mi of the line.
Granite, alkali-feldspar-granite. Age: Mesoproterozoic, 1 to 1.6 billion years old. About 9 mi of the line.
Arkose, shale, mudstone. Age: Late Cretaceous to Paleocene, 56 to 100 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Gravel, unconsolidated. Age: Pleistocene, 0.2 to 1.6 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Clastic. Age: Paleozoic to Mesozoic, 66 to 542 million years old. About 0.4 mi of the line.
Shale. Age: Late Cretaceous, 66 to 100 million years old. About 0.4 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Air Force Academy reaches the Gulf of America by way of Monument Creek, Fountain Creek, the Arkansas and the Mississippi: about 1,920 river miles.
Lakes on the way: Murray Lake and Ozark Lake.
970 miles of the trip are on the Arkansas.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Air Force Academy; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Air Force Academy has a cold semi-arid climate. Summer afternoons average 87° in July; winter nights fall to about 19° in January. A normal year brings about 32 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 16 inches of water.
On November 14 Air Force Academy normally reaches 54° and falls to 26°. The record high is 77°, in 1936; the record low −12°, in 1916. The most rain on this date, 0.40 in, fell in 1993.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1894 from the Colorado Springs Area threaded record (Colorado Springs Municipal Airport, 16 miles southeast, 600 ft lower). NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
