The Madison plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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Madison’s center stands about 200 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 90 ft to 210 ft, a difference of 120 ft: gently rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Miccosukee Formation (sand, clay, gravel), from the Late Pliocene, 2.6 to 3.6 million years old.
The section below crosses 4 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Sand, clay, gravel. Age: Late Pliocene, 2.6 to 3.6 million years old. About 13 mi of the line.
Sandstone, limestone. Age: Middle Miocene, 12 to 16 million years old. About 9 mi of the line.
Limestone, dolostone. Age: Oligocene, 23 to 34 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Sand, clay. Age: Pleistocene to Holocene, less than 2.6 million years old. About 0.4 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
