The Penney Farms plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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95° on Nov. 12, 2019, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1945. Next is 89° in 1986.
Penney Farms’s center stands about 110 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 50 ft to 130 ft, a difference of 80 ft: gently rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Cypresshead Formation (sand), from the Late Pliocene, 2.6 to 3.6 million years old.
The section below crosses 3 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Sand. Age: Late Pliocene, 2.6 to 3.6 million years old. About 13 mi of the line.
Sand. Age: Pleistocene, less than 2.6 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Sand, clay. Age: Pleistocene to Holocene, less than 2.6 million years old. About 4 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Penney Farms reaches the St. Johns River and the Atlantic Ocean by way of South Fork Black Creek and Black Creek: about 75 river miles.
60 miles of the trip are on Black Creek.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Penney Farms; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Penney Farms has a humid subtropical climate. Summer afternoons average 92° in July; winter nights fall to about 47° in January. About 48 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
On November 14 Penney Farms normally reaches 74° and falls to 56°. The record high is 86°, in 1993; the record low 33°, in 1984. The most rain on this date, 3.33 in, fell in 2001.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1945 at Jacksonville Nas, 19 miles north-northeast. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
