The Castana plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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Partly cloudy
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Showers likely
77° on Nov. 13, 1999, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1937. Next is 76° in 1953.
Castana’s center stands about 1,130 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 1,050 ft to 1,400 ft, a difference of 350 ft: rolling country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Granger Hill, about 1,400 ft, 3 miles southeast.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Dakata and Windrow Formations (sandstone, shale), from the Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous, 94 to 113 million years old.
The section below crosses 3 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 50×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Sandstone, shale. Age: Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous, 94 to 113 million years old. About 16 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone, siltstone. Age: Early Pennsylvanian to Middle Pennsylvanian, 307 to 324 million years old. About 8 mi of the line.
Dolostone, limestone. Age: Early Mississippian to Middle Mississippian, 331 to 359 million years old. About 0.6 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Castana reaches the Gulf of America by way of the Maple, the Little Sioux, the Missouri and the Mississippi: about 1,850 river miles.
1,170 miles of the trip are on the Mississippi.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Castana; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Castana has a hot-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 84° in July; winter nights fall to about 9° in January. A normal year brings about 31 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 32 inches of water.
On November 14 Castana normally reaches 47° and falls to 25°. The record high is 72°, in 1990; the record low −13°, in 1959. The most rain on this date, 0.73 in, fell in 2024.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1937 at Mapleton No.2, 11 miles northeast. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
