The Kalona plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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−4° on Nov. 17, 1959, the coldest reading for this week of the year since 1893. Next is 3° in 2019.
Kalona’s center stands about 670 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 640 ft to 780 ft, a difference of 140 ft: gently rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Kinderhookian formations (dolostone, limestone, siltstone), from the Early Mississippian, 347 to 359 million years old.
The section below crosses 4 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale, siltstone. Age: Late Devonian, 359 to 374 million years old. About 16 mi of the line.
Dolostone, limestone, siltstone. Age: Early Mississippian, 347 to 359 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Dolostone, limestone. Age: Early Mississippian to Middle Mississippian, 331 to 359 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone, siltstone. Age: Early Pennsylvanian to Middle Pennsylvanian, 307 to 324 million years old. About 1 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Kalona reaches the Gulf of America by way of the English, the Iowa and the Mississippi: about 1,480 river miles.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Kalona; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Kalona has a hot-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 84° in July; winter nights fall to about 12° in January. A normal year brings about 28 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 38 inches of water.
On November 14 Kalona normally reaches 48° and falls to 28°. The record high is 73°, in 1990; the record low 4°, in 1916. The most rain on this date, 0.86 in, fell in 1902.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1893 at Iowa City, 13 miles northeast. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
