The Oakland plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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83° on Nov. 14, 1999, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1919. Next is 78° in 1949.
Oakland’s center stands about 1,080 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 1,070 ft to 1,290 ft, a difference of 220 ft: rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Lansing Group (limestone, shale), from the Late Pennsylvanian, 299 to 307 million years old.
The section below crosses 7 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Limestone, shale. Age: Late Pennsylvanian, 299 to 307 million years old. About 7 mi of the line.
Limestone, shale. Age: Middle Pennsylvanian to Late Pennsylvanian, 299 to 315 million years old. About 6 mi of the line.
Limestone, shale. Age: Late Pennsylvanian, 299 to 307 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Shale, mudstone. Age: Late Pennsylvanian, 299 to 307 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Sandstone, shale. Age: Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous, 94 to 113 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Limestone, shale. Age: Late Pennsylvanian, 299 to 307 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale. 1 smaller unit along the line are not listed.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Oakland reaches the Gulf of America by way of the West Nishnabotna, the Nishnabotna, the Missouri and the Mississippi: about 1,770 river miles.
1,170 miles of the trip are on the Mississippi.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Oakland; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Oakland has a hot-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 85° in July; winter nights fall to about 12° in January. A normal year brings about 28 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 36 inches of water.
On November 14 Oakland normally reaches 49° and falls to 28°. The record high is 83°, in 1999; the record low −6°, in 1940. The most rain on this date, 1.21 in, fell in 2024.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1919 at Oakland, here, 180 ft higher. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
