The Wall Lake plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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−10° on Nov. 14, 1959, the coldest reading for this week of the year since 1893. Next is −6° in 1940.
Wall Lake’s center stands about 1,220 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 1,220 ft to 1,370 ft, a difference of 150 ft: gently rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Lower Cherokee Group and Raccoon Creek Group (shale, sandstone, siltstone), from the Early Pennsylvanian to Middle Pennsylvanian, 307 to 324 million years old.
The section below crosses 3 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 49×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Sandstone, shale. Age: Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous, 94 to 113 million years old. About 18 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone, siltstone. Age: Early Pennsylvanian to Middle Pennsylvanian, 307 to 324 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Shale. Age: Late Cretaceous, 90 to 100 million years old. About 0.6 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Wall Lake reaches the Gulf of America by way of Lime Creek, the Boyer, the Missouri and the Mississippi: about 1,870 river miles.
1,170 miles of the trip are on the Mississippi.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Wall Lake; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Wall Lake has a hot-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 83° in July; winter nights fall to about 8° in January. A normal year brings about 31 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 33 inches of water.
On November 14 Wall Lake normally reaches 46° and falls to 25°. The record high is 75°, in 1999; the record low −10°, in 1959. The most rain on this date, 1.98 in, fell in 1926.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1893 at Sac City, 12 miles north-northeast. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
