The Castleford plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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Castleford’s center stands about 3,870 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 3,770 ft to 3,980 ft, a difference of 210 ft: rolling country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Emery Butte, about 5,020 ft, 15 miles south.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Basalt (Pliocene and Miocene), from the Middle Miocene to Late Pliocene, 3 to 15 million years old.
The section below crosses 5 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 11×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Basalt. Age: Middle Miocene to Late Pliocene, 3 to 15 million years old. About 21 mi of the line.
Coarse-detrital, fine-detrital. Age: Pleistocene to Holocene, less than 33,000 years old. About 1 mi of the line.
Mixed-clastic, volcanic. Age: Early Miocene to Pleistocene, 2 to 16 million years old. About 0.8 mi of the line.
Basalt. Age: Late Pliocene to Pleistocene, less than 3 million years old. About 0.6 mi of the line.
Rhyolite. Age: Middle Miocene to Late Miocene, 8 to 14 million years old. About 0.4 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Castleford reaches the Pacific Ocean by way of Salmon Falls Creek, the Snake and the Columbia: about 920 river miles.
Lakes on the way: Lake Umatilla, Brownlee Reservoir, Cove Arm Lake and Hells Canyon Reservoir.
240 miles of the trip are on the Snake.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Castleford; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
