The Greenfield plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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Partly cloudy; warmer
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3.95 inches of rain fell in two days, the most for this week of the year since records began in 1887. The next wettest, 3.65 inches, fell in 2009.
Greenfield’s center stands about 580 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 520 ft to 630 ft, a difference of 110 ft: gently rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Carbondale Formation (shale, sandstone, coal), from the Middle Pennsylvanian to Late Pennsylvanian, 304 to 315 million years old.
The section below crosses 5 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale, limestone. Age: Late Pennsylvanian, 304 to 307 million years old. About 11 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone, coal. Age: Middle Pennsylvanian to Late Pennsylvanian, 304 to 315 million years old. About 10 mi of the line.
Limestone. Age: Early Mississippian to Middle Mississippian, 331 to 359 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Limestone. Age: Middle Mississippian, 331 to 347 million years old. About 1 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Early Pennsylvanian to Middle Pennsylvanian, 307 to 324 million years old. About 0.5 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Greenfield reaches the Gulf of America by way of Rubicon Creek, Taylor Creek, Macoupin Creek, the Illinois and the Mississippi: about 1,250 river miles.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Greenfield; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Greenfield has a hot-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 86° in July; winter nights fall to about 18° in January. A normal year brings about 18 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 40 inches of water.
On November 14 Greenfield normally reaches 53° and falls to 33°. The record high is 80°, in 1931; the record low 7°, in 1986. The most rain on this date, 1.40 in, fell in 1913.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1887 at White Hall 1 E, 11 miles northwest. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
