The Junction plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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9° on Nov. 17, 1959, the coldest reading for this week of the year since 1888. Next is 10° in 1986.
Junction’s center stands about 360 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 350 ft to 660 ft, a difference of 310 ft: rolling country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Horton Hill, about 1,040 ft, 13 miles west-southwest.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Carbondale Formation (shale, sandstone, coal), from the Middle Pennsylvanian to Late Pennsylvanian, 304 to 315 million years old.
The section below crosses 4 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 35×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale, limestone. Age: Late Pennsylvanian, 304 to 307 million years old. About 13 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Early Pennsylvanian to Middle Pennsylvanian, 307 to 324 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone, coal. Age: Middle Pennsylvanian to Late Pennsylvanian, 304 to 315 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Early Pennsylvanian, 315 to 324 million years old. About 0.4 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Junction reaches the Gulf of America by way of the Saline, the Ohio and the Mississippi: about 1,100 river miles.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Junction; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Junction has a humid subtropical climate. Summer afternoons average 89° in July; winter nights fall to about 24° in January. About 48 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
On November 14 Junction normally reaches 58° and falls to 37°. The record high is 80°, in 1999; the record low 10°, in 1986. The most rain on this date, 1.00 in, fell in 2024.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1888 at Harrisburg, 16 miles west. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
