The Topeka plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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Topeka’s center stands about 480 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 460 ft to 530 ft, a difference of 70 ft: gently rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Warsaw Formation and Salem Limestone, from the Middle Mississippian, 331 to 347 million years old.
The section below crosses 3 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale, sandstone, coal. Age: Middle Pennsylvanian to Late Pennsylvanian, 304 to 315 million years old. About 13 mi of the line.
Limestone. Age: Middle Mississippian, 331 to 347 million years old. About 8 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Early Pennsylvanian to Middle Pennsylvanian, 307 to 324 million years old. About 4 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Topeka reaches the Gulf of America by way of Quiver Creek, the Illinois and the Mississippi: about 1,320 river miles.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Topeka; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
