The Minneapolis plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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85° on Nov. 13, 1999, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1892. Next is 81° in 2016.
Minneapolis’s center stands about 1,310 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 1,240 ft to 1,310 ft, a difference of 70 ft: gently rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Dakota Formation (claystone, mudstone, shale), from the Early Cretaceous, 100 to 145 million years old.
The section below crosses 5 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 58×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Sand, silt, clay. Age: Pleistocene to Holocene, less than 2.6 million years old. About 14 mi of the line.
Claystone, mudstone, shale. Age: Early Cretaceous, 100 to 145 million years old. About 6 mi of the line.
Silt. Age: Pleistocene to Holocene, less than 2.6 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Sandstone, black-shale. Age: Early Cretaceous, 100 to 145 million years old. About 0.4 mi of the line.
Limestone, shale. Age: Late Cretaceous, 66 to 100 million years old. About 0.2 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Minneapolis reaches the Gulf of America by way of the Solomon, the Smoky Hill, the Kansas, the Missouri and the Mississippi: about 1,820 river miles.
1,170 miles of the trip are on the Mississippi.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Minneapolis; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Minneapolis has a hot-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 93° in July; winter nights fall to about 18° in January. A normal year brings about 18 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 32 inches of water.
On November 14 Minneapolis normally reaches 56° and falls to 31°. The record high is 76°, in 1990; the record low 1°, in 1940. The most rain on this date, 0.62 in, fell in 1931.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1892 at Minneapolis, here. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
