The Gapland plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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Mostly cloudy; warmer
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81° on Nov. 15, 1973, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1891. Next is 80° in 1931.
Gapland’s center stands about 640 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 460 ft to 1,420 ft, a difference of 960 ft: steep hill country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Black Rock, about 1,870 ft, 12 miles north-northeast.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Granodiorite and Biotite Granite Gneiss, from the Precambrian.
The section below crosses 10 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 13×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Metabasalt. Age: Proterozoic to Mesoproterozoic, 1 to 2.5 billion years old. About 11 mi of the line.
Quartzite. Age: Proterozoic to Cambrian, 487 to 2,500 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Shale, phyllite. Age: Cambrian, 487 to 542 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Dolostone. Age: Cambrian, 487 to 542 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Gneiss. Age: Precambrian. About 2 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Early Cambrian to Middle Cambrian, 497 to 542 million years old. About 1 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale. 4 smaller units along the line are not listed.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Gapland reaches Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean by way of Israel Creek and the Potomac: about 180 river miles.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Gapland; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Gapland has a hot-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 87° in July; winter nights fall to about 23° in January. About 39 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
On November 14 Gapland normally reaches 56° and falls to 35°. The record high is 77°, in 1989; the record low 13°, in 1986. The most rain on this date, 1.41 in, fell in 1972.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1891 from the Martinsburg Area threaded record (Martinsburg Eastern West Virginia Regional Airport, 17 miles west). NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
