The Vandalia plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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75° on Nov. 11, 2022, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1953. Next is 73° in 1989.
Vandalia’s center stands about 870 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 840 ft to 1,000 ft, a difference of 160 ft: gently rolling country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Bald Hill, about 1,180 ft, 5 miles east-northeast.
The section below crosses 2 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 51×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale. Age: Carboniferous, 324 to 359 million years old. About 20 mi of the line.
Shale. Age: Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old. About 4 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Vandalia reaches Lake Michigan by way of Christiana Creek and the Saint Joseph: about 100 river miles. From there it moves on through the Great Lakes, over Niagara Falls and down the St. Lawrence to the Atlantic.
75 miles of the trip are on the Saint Joseph.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Vandalia; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Vandalia has a warm-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 82° in July; winter nights fall to about 16° in January. About 42 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
On November 14 Vandalia normally reaches 48° and falls to 31°. The record high is 73°, in 1989; the record low 10°, in 2019. The most rain on this date, 1.32 in, fell in 1957.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1953 at Dowagiac 1 W, 12 miles west-northwest, 130 ft lower. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
