The Kugler plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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65° on Nov. 14, 1999, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1895. Next is 63° in 2010.
Kugler’s center stands about 1,500 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 1,410 ft to 1,560 ft, a difference of 150 ft: gently rolling country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Jasper Peak, about 1,680 ft, 5 miles north-northeast.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Volcanogenic graywacke and mudstone (graywacke, mudstone), from the Neoarchean, 2.5 to 2.8 billion years old.
The section below crosses 11 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 39×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Felsic-volcanic. Age: Neoarchean, 2.5 to 2.8 billion years old. About 7 mi of the line.
Graywacke, mudstone. Age: Neoarchean, 2.5 to 2.8 billion years old. About 6 mi of the line.
Granite, granodiorite. Age: Neoarchean, 2.5 to 2.8 billion years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Schist. Age: Neoarchean, 2.5 to 2.8 billion years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Monzonite, quartz-monzonite, granodiorite. Age: Neoarchean, 2.5 to 2.8 billion years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Metabasalt, greenstone. Age: Neoarchean, 2.5 to 2.8 billion years old. About 1 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale. 5 smaller units along the line are not listed.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
Kugler straddles the Laurentian Divide. Rain on the southeast side runs to Lake Superior; most of the rest goes to Hudson Bay.
From the center of town, a raindrop reaches Hudson Bay by way of Fullers Creek, the West Two, the Vermilion, the Rainy, the Winnipeg and the Nelson: about 1,070 river miles. Past the border it runs north through Canada to Hudson Bay. One that lands on the southeast side reaches Lake Superior by way of Bear Creek, the Embarrass and the Saint Louis: about 170 river miles. From there it moves on through the Great Lakes, over Niagara Falls and down the St. Lawrence to the Atlantic.
Lakes on the way: Lake of the Woods, Rainy Lake, Vermilion Lake and Lake Winnipeg.
400 miles of the trip are on the Nelson.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Kugler; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Kugler has a warm-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 77° in July; winter nights fall to about −7° in January. A normal year brings about 69 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 28 inches of water.
On November 14 Kugler normally reaches 36° and falls to 19°. The record high is 65°, in 1999; the record low −13°, in 1986. The most rain on this date, 1.53 in, fell in 1944.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1895 at Tower 2 S, 3 miles north-northwest. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
