The Penn plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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Showers likely
74° on Nov. 16, 2001, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1956. Next is 72° in 1999.
Penn’s center stands about 1,020 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 1,010 ft to 1,040 ft, a difference of 30 ft: nearly flat ground.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Foliated to gneissic tonalite, granodiorite, and diorite (tonalite, granodiorite, diorite), from the Neoarchean, 2.5 to 2.8 billion years old.
The section below crosses 6 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Tonalite, granodiorite, diorite. Age: Neoarchean, 2.5 to 2.8 billion years old. About 8 mi of the line.
Orthogneiss, migmatite. Age: Paleoarchean to Mesoarchean, 2.8 to 3.6 billion years old. About 7 mi of the line.
Claystone, siltstone, sandstone. Age: Early Cretaceous, 100 to 113 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Sandstone, siltstone, shale. Age: Middle Cambrian to Cambrian, 487 to 521 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Sandstone, siltstone. Age: Mesoproterozoic, 1 to 1.2 billion years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Sandstone, siltstone, shale. Age: Cambrian, 487 to 497 million years old. About 0.6 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Penn reaches the Gulf of America by way of High Island Creek, the Minnesota and the Mississippi: about 1,920 river miles.
Lake on the way: Lake Pepin.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Penn; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Penn has a cold desert climate. Summer afternoons average 82° in July; winter nights fall to about 6° in January. Barely 0.0 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
On November 14 Penn normally reaches 41° and falls to 26°. The record high is 69°, in 1990; the record low −5°, in 1959. The most rain on this date, 0.34 in, fell in 2024.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1956 at Gaylord, 9 miles south-southeast. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
