The Thunder Lake plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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68° on Nov. 17, 1913, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1887. Next is 68° in 1953.
Thunder Lake’s center stands about 1,490 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 1,300 ft to 1,530 ft, a difference of 230 ft: rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Coleraine Formation (conglomerate, lignite, sandstone), from the Late Cretaceous, 94 to 100 million years old.
The section below crosses 3 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Slate, graywacke. Age: Paleoproterozoic, 1.6 to 2 billion years old. About 11 mi of the line.
Conglomerate, lignite, sandstone. Age: Late Cretaceous, 94 to 100 million years old. About 11 mi of the line.
Quartzite, conglomerate, mudstone. Age: Paleoproterozoic, 1.6 to 2.5 billion years old. About 2 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Thunder Lake reaches the Gulf of America by way of the Willow, Pokegama Creek and the Mississippi: about 2,140 river miles.
Lake on the way: Lake Pepin.
1,750 miles of the trip are on the Mississippi.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Thunder Lake; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Thunder Lake has a warm-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 80° in July; winter nights fall to about −1° in January. A normal year brings about 39 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 29 inches of water.
On November 14 Thunder Lake normally reaches 39° and falls to 23°. The record high is 63°, in 2016; the record low −4°, in 1959. The most rain on this date, 1.00 in, fell in 1926.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1887 at Pine River Dam, 18 miles south-southwest, 240 ft lower. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
