The Vineland plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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67° on Nov. 17, 1953, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1890. Next is 66° in 2001.
Vineland’s center stands about 860 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 850 ft to 870 ft, a difference of 20 ft: nearly flat ground.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Schist of sedimentary protolith, from the Neoarchean, 2.5 to 2.8 billion years old.
The section below crosses 5 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Schist. Age: Neoarchean, 2.5 to 2.8 billion years old. About 12 mi of the line.
Age: Precambrian. About 4 mi of the line.
Sandstone, shale. Age: Early Cretaceous, 100 to 145 million years old. About 4 mi of the line.
Metabasalt, greenstone. Age: Neoarchean, 2.5 to 2.8 billion years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Early Cretaceous to Late Cretaceous, 66 to 145 million years old. About 0.7 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Vineland reaches Hudson Bay by way of the Sand Hill, the Red River of the North and the Nelson: about 990 river miles. Past the border it runs north through Canada to Hudson Bay.
Lake on the way: Lake Winnipeg.
400 miles of the trip are on the Nelson.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Vineland; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Vineland has a warm-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 80° in July; winter nights fall to about −4° in January. About 22 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
On November 14 Vineland normally reaches 37° and falls to 20°. The record high is 64°, in 2016; the record low −11°, in 1919. The most rain on this date, 0.89 in, fell in 1944.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1890 at Crookston Nw Experiment Sta, 15 miles north-northeast. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
