The Viola plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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71° on Nov. 16, 1953, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1886. Next is 71° in 1999.
Viola’s center stands about 1,230 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 1,080 ft to 1,310 ft, a difference of 230 ft: rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Upper Ordovician (limestone, dolostone), from the Late Ordovician, 445 to 459 million years old.
The section below crosses 4 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 40×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale, limestone, sandstone. Age: Middle Ordovician to Late Ordovician, 445 to 471 million years old. About 8 mi of the line.
Dolostone, sandstone. Age: Early Ordovician, 471 to 487 million years old. About 8 mi of the line.
Limestone, dolostone. Age: Late Ordovician, 445 to 459 million years old. About 8 mi of the line.
Sandstone, siltstone, shale. Age: Cambrian, 487 to 497 million years old. About 0.4 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Viola reaches the Gulf of America by way of the North Fork Whitewater, the Whitewater and the Mississippi: about 1,770 river miles.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Viola; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Viola has a warm-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 80° in July; winter nights fall to about 7° in January. A normal year brings about 53 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 35 inches of water.
On November 14 Viola normally reaches 42° and falls to 26°. The record high is 69°, in 2025; the record low −5°, in 1916. The most rain on this date, 0.88 in, fell in 1973.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1886 from the Rochester Area threaded record (Rochester International Airport, 16 miles southwest). NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
