The Livingston plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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77° on Nov. 12, 1999, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1948. Next is 69° in 2016.
Livingston’s center stands about 4,500 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 4,430 ft to 5,030 ft, a difference of 600 ft: hilly country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Black Mountain, about 10,850 ft, 14 miles south-southeast.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Gravel, from the Pleistocene to Holocene, less than 1.8 million years old.
The section below crosses 17 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 4×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Sandstone, shale, siltstone. Age: Late Cretaceous to Middle Paleocene, 59 to 72 million years old. About 8 mi of the line.
Quartzite, amphibolite. Age: Archean. About 2 mi of the line.
Gneiss, amphibolite. Age: Archean. About 2 mi of the line.
Claystone. Age: Late Cretaceous, 66 to 84 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Limestone, dolostone, black-shale. Age: Early Mississippian to Middle Mississippian, 331 to 359 million years old. About 1.0 mi of the line.
Sandstone, conglomerate-sandstone. Age: Late Cretaceous, 66 to 72 million years old. About 0.9 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale. 11 smaller units along the line are not listed.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Livingston reaches the Gulf of America by way of the Yellowstone, the Missouri and the Mississippi: about 3,240 river miles.
Lakes on the way: Lake Oahe, Lake Sakakawea, Lake Sharpe and Lake Francis Case.
1,170 miles of the trip are on the Mississippi.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Livingston; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Livingston has a cold semi-arid climate. Summer afternoons average 86° in July; winter nights fall to about 19° in January. About 14 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
On November 14 Livingston normally reaches 46° and falls to 26°. The record high is 75°, in 1999; the record low −15°, in 1955. The most rain on this date, 0.49 in, fell in 1961.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1948 at Livingston Airport, 6 miles east-northeast, 140 ft higher. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
