The Calio plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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Calio’s center stands about 1,560 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 1,530 ft to 1,590 ft, a difference of 60 ft: nearly flat ground.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Pierre Formation (shale), from the Late Cretaceous, 66 to 100 million years old.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale. Age: Late Cretaceous, 66 to 100 million years old. About 24 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Calio reaches Devils Lake by way of Lake Alice and Lake Irvine: about 60 river miles. Devils Lake has no outlet to the sea: the water leaves only by evaporating or soaking into the ground.
Lakes on the way: Lake Irvine and Lake Alice.
Often dry. About 50% of the way is mapped as streams that run only after rain or snowmelt; the water makes the whole trip in floods.
No outlet, mostly. Devils Lake has spilled toward the Sheyenne River only at its highest stands.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Calio; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
