The Paa-Ko plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
Chance of showers
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71° on Nov. 16, 2025, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1991. Next is 70° in 2021.
Paa-Ko’s center stands about 6,530 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 6,340 ft to 7,490 ft, a difference of 1,150 ft: steep hill country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is North Sandia Peak, about 10,380 ft, 8 miles west-northwest.
The section below crosses 9 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 4×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Unconsolidated. Age: Pleistocene to Holocene, less than 2.6 million years old. About 7 mi of the line.
Limestone, sandstone, shale. Age: Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Granitic. Age: Mesoproterozoic, 1.2 to 1.6 billion years old. About 4 mi of the line.
Sandstone. Age: Permian, 284 to 299 million years old. About 4 mi of the line.
Schist, metarhyolite. Age: Paleoproterozoic, 1.7 to 1.7 billion years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Conglomerate-sandstone, coarse-detrital, fine-detrital. Age: Late Miocene to Pleistocene, 0.1 to 7.2 million years old. About 1 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale. 3 smaller units along the line are not listed.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Paa-Ko reaches the Gulf of America by way of the Arroyo Uña de Gato, the Arroyo Tonque and the Rio Grande: about 1,610 river miles.
Lakes on the way: Paz Ramirez Lake, Amistad Reservoir, Elephant Butte Reservoir and Caballo Reservoir.
760 miles of the trip are on the Rio Grande.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Paa-Ko; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Paa-Ko has a cold semi-arid climate. Summer afternoons average 89° in July; winter nights fall to about 26° in January. A normal year brings about 24 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 15 inches of water.
On November 14 Paa-Ko normally reaches 55° and falls to 33°. The record high is 69°, in 1999; the record low 15°, in 2018. The most rain on this date, 0.29 in, fell in 1993.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1991 at Albuquerque Foothills Ne, 11 miles west-southwest, 540 ft lower. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
