The Orleans plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
Chance of showers
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−7° on Nov. 13, 2019, the coldest reading for this week of the year since 1949. Next is 5° in 1972.
Orleans’s center stands about 430 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 290 ft to 450 ft, a difference of 160 ft: gently rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Theresa Formation (dolostone), from the Cambrian to Early Ordovician, 471 to 542 million years old.
The section below crosses 4 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Dolostone. Age: Cambrian to Early Ordovician, 471 to 542 million years old. About 11 mi of the line.
Sandstone. Age: Cambrian, 487 to 497 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Gneiss. Age: Mesoproterozoic, 1 to 1.6 billion years old. About 0.5 mi of the line.
Limestone. Age: Middle Ordovician, 459 to 471 million years old. About 0.4 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Orleans reaches the St. Lawrence River by way of the Saint Lawrence: about 100 river miles. The St. Lawrence carries it on to the Atlantic.
Lake on the way: Lake Saint Lawrence.
55 miles of the trip are on the Saint Lawrence.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Orleans; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Orleans has a warm-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 79° in July; winter nights fall to about 10° in January. About 37 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
On November 14 Orleans normally reaches 47° and falls to 30°. The record high is 68°, in 1994; the record low 13°, in 1996. The most rain on this date, 0.90 in, fell in 1985.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1949 at Watertown International Airport, 17 miles south-southwest, 120 ft lower. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
