The Salamanca plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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74° on Nov. 11, 2020, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1924. Next is 71° in 1956.
Salamanca’s center stands about 1,390 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 1,360 ft to 2,330 ft, a difference of 970 ft: steep hill country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Shutts Hill, about 2,460 ft, 7 miles west-northwest.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Conneaut Group, undivided (shale, sandstone), from the Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old.
The section below crosses 3 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 18×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old. About 17 mi of the line.
Shale. Age: Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old. About 6 mi of the line.
Shale, siltstone. Age: Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old. About 0.5 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Salamanca reaches the Gulf of America by way of the Allegheny, the Ohio and the Mississippi: about 2,180 river miles.
Lake on the way: Allegheny Reservoir.
970 miles of the trip are on the Ohio.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Salamanca; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Salamanca has a warm-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 79° in July; winter nights fall to about 15° in January. About 47 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
On November 14 Salamanca normally reaches 47° and falls to 30°. The record high is 65°, in 1989; the record low 8°, in 1996. The most rain on this date, 1.20 in, fell in 1972.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1924 at Allegany State Park, 4 miles south-southwest, 110 ft higher. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
