The Salamanca plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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74° on Nov. 11, 2020, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1941. Next is 70° in 1956.
Salamanca’s center stands about 2,030 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 1,350 ft to 2,370 ft, a difference of 1,020 ft: steep hill country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Shutts Hill, about 2,460 ft, 3 miles north-northwest.
The section below crosses 3 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 18×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old. About 18 mi of the line.
Shale. Age: Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Shale, siltstone. Age: Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old. About 0.2 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Salamanca reaches the Gulf of America by way of Drakes Run, the Allegheny, the Ohio and the Mississippi: about 2,180 river miles.
Lake on the way: Allegheny Reservoir.
970 miles of the trip are on the Ohio.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Salamanca; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Salamanca has a warm-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 79° in July; winter nights fall to about 13° in January. A normal year brings about 133 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 49 inches of water.
On November 14 Salamanca normally reaches 47° and falls to 29°. The record high is 67°, in 2010; the record low 11°, in 1942. The most rain on this date, 1.10 in, fell in 1972.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1941 at Little Valley, 5 miles north, 400 ft lower. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
