The Castalia plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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5° on Nov. 16, 1933, the coldest reading for this week of the year since 1896. Next is 10° in 2019.
Castalia’s center stands about 630 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 580 ft to 740 ft, a difference of 160 ft: gently rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Columbus Limestone, from the Devonian, 359 to 422 million years old.
The section below crosses 6 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Limestone. Age: Devonian, 359 to 422 million years old. About 8 mi of the line.
Dolostone. Age: Silurian, 422 to 445 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Limestone. Age: Devonian, 359 to 422 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Shale, black-shale. Age: Devonian, 359 to 422 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Shale, limestone. Age: Devonian, 359 to 422 million years old. About 1 mi of the line.
Limestone. Age: Middle Devonian, 384 to 388 million years old. About 0.9 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
Rain that falls on Castalia runs straight into Lake Erie. From there it moves on through the Great Lakes, over Niagara Falls and down the St. Lawrence to the Atlantic.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Castalia; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Castalia has a hot-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 82° in July; winter nights fall to about 22° in January. About 34 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
On November 14 Castalia normally reaches 51° and falls to 37°. The record high is 73°, in 1909; the record low 15°, in 1986. The most rain on this date, 1.36 in, fell in 1972.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1896 at Sandusky, 5 miles northeast. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
