The Waldo plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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Waldo’s center stands about 960 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 930 ft to 1,020 ft, a difference of 90 ft: gently rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Delaware Limestone, from the Devonian, 359 to 422 million years old.
The section below crosses 6 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 64×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale, black-shale. Age: Devonian, 359 to 422 million years old. About 11 mi of the line.
Dolostone. Age: Silurian, 422 to 445 million years old. About 9 mi of the line.
Limestone. Age: Devonian, 359 to 422 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Shale. Age: Devonian, 359 to 422 million years old. About 1 mi of the line.
Limestone. Age: Devonian, 359 to 422 million years old. About 0.5 mi of the line.
Dolostone. Age: Silurian, 428 to 445 million years old. About 0.4 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Waldo reaches the Gulf of America by way of the Olentangy, the Scioto, the Ohio and the Mississippi: about 1,760 river miles.
970 miles of the trip are on the Mississippi.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Waldo; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
