The Panama plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
Mostly sunny
Showers likely
Showers likely; warmer
Partly cloudy
Partly cloudy
Partly cloudy
Mostly sunny
87° on Nov. 16, 2016, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1882. Next is 86° in 1955.
Panama’s center stands about 460 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 420 ft to 580 ft, a difference of 160 ft: gently rolling country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Cavanal Mountain, about 2,380 ft, 7 miles south.
The section below crosses 6 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 14×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old. About 7 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old. About 6 mi of the line.
Fine-detrital. Age: Holocene, less than 12,000 years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Coarse-detrital, fine-detrital. Age: Pleistocene, less than 2.6 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old. About 1 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Panama reaches the Gulf of America by way of the Poteau, the Arkansas and the Mississippi: about 950 river miles.
Lakes on the way: Murray Lake and Ozark Lake.
600 miles of the trip are on the Mississippi.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Panama; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Panama has a humid subtropical climate. Summer afternoons average 94° in July; winter nights fall to about 30° in January. About 47 inches of rain fall in a normal year, with about 3 inches of snow.
On November 14 Panama normally reaches 64° and falls to 40°. The record high is 82°, in 2011; the record low 19°, in 1963. The most rain on this date, 2.81 in, fell in 1994.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1882 from the Fort Smith Area threaded record (Fort Smith Regional Airport, 20 miles east-northeast). NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
