The Toppers plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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11° on Nov. 15, 1940, the coldest reading for this week of the year since 1905. Next is 11° in 1959.
Toppers’s center stands about 610 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 550 ft to 720 ft, a difference of 170 ft: gently rolling country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Sugar Mountain, about 1,060 ft, 13 miles east-southeast.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Atoka Formation (shale, sandstone), from the Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old.
The section below crosses 8 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 43×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Coarse-detrital, fine-detrital. Age: Pleistocene, less than 2.6 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Chert, limestone. Age: Carboniferous, 324 to 359 million years old. About 4 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Limestone, shale, sandstone. Age: Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Fine-detrital. Age: Holocene, less than 12,000 years old. About 1 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale. 2 smaller units along the line are not listed.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Toppers reaches the Gulf of America by way of the Neosho, the Arkansas and the Mississippi: about 1,020 river miles.
Lakes on the way: Murray Lake and Ozark Lake.
600 miles of the trip are on the Mississippi.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Toppers; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Toppers has a humid subtropical climate. Summer afternoons average 93° in July; winter nights fall to about 26° in January. About 43 inches of rain fall in a normal year, with about 3 inches of snow.
On November 14 Toppers normally reaches 62° and falls to 38°. The record high is 81°, in 1999; the record low 15°, in 1940. The most rain on this date, 2.08 in, fell in 1924.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1905 at Muskogee, 13 miles south. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
