The Etna plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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78° on Nov. 11, 2020, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1991. Next is 73° in 2014.
Etna’s center stands about 750 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 710 ft to 1,230 ft, a difference of 520 ft: hilly country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Rich Hill, about 1,290 ft, 8 miles northeast.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Glenshaw Formation (shale), from the Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old.
The section below crosses 3 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 30×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale. Age: Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old. About 12 mi of the line.
Shale, clastic. Age: Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old. About 10 mi of the line.
Limestone, shale, sandstone. Age: Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Etna reaches the Gulf of America by way of Pine Creek, the Allegheny, the Ohio and the Mississippi: about 1,950 river miles.
970 miles of the trip are on the Ohio.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Etna; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Etna has a hot-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 86° in July; winter nights fall to about 21° in January. About 38 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
On November 14 Etna normally reaches 54° and falls to 33°. The record high is 70°, in 1994; the record low 16°, in 2019. The most rain on this date, 1.10 in, fell in 1997.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1991 at Emsworth L/D Ohio River, 7 miles west. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
