The Springfield plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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3.17 inches of rain fell in two days, the most for this week of the year since records began in 1893. The next wettest, 2.15 inches, fell in 1926.
Springfield’s center stands about 1,410 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 1,150 ft to 1,900 ft, a difference of 750 ft: hilly country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Armenia Mountain, about 2,460 ft, 9 miles south-southwest.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Catskill Formation (sandstone, siltstone, shale), from the Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old.
The section below crosses 6 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 16×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Sandstone, siltstone, mudstone. Age: Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old. About 11 mi of the line.
Sandstone, siltstone, shale. Age: Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old. About 8 mi of the line.
Sandstone, siltstone. Age: Devonian to Carboniferous, 324 to 422 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Sandstone, shale. Age: Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old. About 1 mi of the line.
Sandstone. Age: Carboniferous, 324 to 359 million years old. About 0.5 mi of the line.
Sandstone, conglomerate. Age: Carboniferous, 299 to 324 million years old. About 0.1 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Springfield reaches Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean by way of Leonard Creek, Sugar Creek and the Susquehanna: about 310 river miles.
Lake on the way: Lake Aldred.
240 miles of the trip are on the Susquehanna.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Springfield; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Springfield has a warm-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 84° in July; winter nights fall to about 16° in January. A normal year brings about 42 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 38 inches of water.
On November 14 Springfield normally reaches 49° and falls to 30°. The record high is 75°, in 1902; the record low 10°, in 1905. The most rain on this date, 0.85 in, fell in 1929.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1893 at Elmira, 18 miles north-northwest, 460 ft lower. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
