The Tioga plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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73° on Nov. 11, 2020, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1973. Next is 69° in 2012.
Tioga’s center stands about 1,040 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 1,010 ft to 2,180 ft, a difference of 1,170 ft: steep hill country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Tower Hill, about 2,380 ft, 6 miles east.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Lock Haven Formation (sandstone, siltstone, mudstone), from the Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old.
The section below crosses 3 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 14×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Sandstone, siltstone, mudstone. Age: Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old. About 15 mi of the line.
Sandstone, siltstone, shale. Age: Late Devonian, 359 to 384 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Sandstone, siltstone. Age: Devonian to Carboniferous, 324 to 422 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Tioga reaches Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean by way of Phoenix Run, the Tioga, the Chemung and the Susquehanna: about 360 river miles.
Lake on the way: Lake Aldred.
250 miles of the trip are on the Susquehanna.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Tioga; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Tioga has a warm-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 82° in July; winter nights fall to about 15° in January. A normal year brings about 43 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 36 inches of water.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1973 at Tioga Hammond Dam, here, 190 ft higher. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
