The Castalian Springs plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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17° on Nov. 13, 2019, the coldest reading for this week of the year since 1934. Next is 21° in 2014.
Castalian Springs’s center stands about 500 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 440 ft to 740 ft, a difference of 300 ft: rolling country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Spanish Needle Knob, about 1,130 ft, 12 miles southeast.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Stones River Group; Carters Limestone, from the Ordovician, 445 to 487 million years old.
The section below crosses 5 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 33×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale, limestone. Age: Ordovician, 445 to 487 million years old. About 8 mi of the line.
Limestone, calcarenite. Age: Ordovician, 445 to 487 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Fine-detrital, coarse-detrital. Age: Quaternary, less than 2.6 million years old. About 4 mi of the line.
Limestone. Age: Ordovician, 445 to 487 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Chert. Age: Carboniferous, 324 to 359 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Castalian Springs reaches the Gulf of America by way of Lick Creek, the Cumberland, the Ohio and the Mississippi: about 1,280 river miles.
Lake on the way: Bards Lake.
970 miles of the trip are on the Mississippi.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Castalian Springs; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Castalian Springs has a humid subtropical climate. Summer afternoons average 90° in July; winter nights fall to about 27° in January. About 53 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1934 at Lebanon 7 N, 7 miles south-southeast. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
