The Indian Springs plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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Indian Springs’s center stands about 380 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 240 ft to 400 ft, a difference of 160 ft: gently rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Willis Formation (coarse-detrital, fine-detrital), from the Pliocene, 2.6 to 5.3 million years old.
The section below crosses 4 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 59×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Coarse-detrital, fine-detrital. Age: Pliocene, 2.6 to 5.3 million years old. About 17 mi of the line.
Clay, sandstone. Age: Miocene, 5.3 to 23 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Fine-detrital, coarse-detrital. Age: Holocene, less than 12,000 years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Silt, sand, clay. Age: Pleistocene, less than 2.6 million years old. About 0.3 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Indian Springs reaches the Gulf of America by way of West Fork Double Branch, Double Branch, Big Sandy Creek, Village Creek and the Neches: about 160 river miles.
Lake on the way: Sabine Lake.
55 miles of the trip are on Village Creek.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Indian Springs; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
