The Dumfries plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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3.72 inches of rain fell in two days, the most for this week of the year since records began in 1945. The next wettest, 2.62 inches, fell in 2009.
Dumfries’s center stands about 19 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 0 ft to 300 ft, a difference of 300 ft: rolling country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Signal Hill, about 420 ft, 14 miles north-northwest.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Quantico Formation - Slate and porphyroblastic schist (slate, schist), from the Ordovician, 445 to 487 million years old.
The section below crosses 5 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 50×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Metasandstone. Age: Cambrian, 487 to 542 million years old. About 7 mi of the line.
Sand. Age: Cretaceous, 66 to 145 million years old. About 6 mi of the line.
Sand, silt. Age: Tertiary, 2.6 to 66 million years old. About 1 mi of the line.
Slate, schist. Age: Ordovician, 445 to 487 million years old. About 0.8 mi of the line.
Fine-detrital, coarse-detrital. Age: Quaternary, less than 2.6 million years old. About 0.5 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Dumfries reaches Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean by way of Quantico Creek and the Potomac: about 85 river miles.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Dumfries; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Dumfries has a humid subtropical climate. Summer afternoons average 88° in July; winter nights fall to about 28° in January. A normal year brings about 12 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 41 inches of water.
On November 14 Dumfries normally reaches 58° and falls to 40°. The record high is 80°, in 1985; the record low 23°, in 1986. The most rain on this date, 1.60 in, fell in 1972.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1945 at Quantico Mcas, 5 miles south-southeast. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
