The Manchester plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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5.05 inches of rain fell in two days, the most for this week of the year since records began in 1887. The next wettest, 2.76 inches, fell in 1902.
Manchester’s center stands about 300 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 170 ft to 360 ft, a difference of 190 ft: gently rolling country.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Terrace Deposits (clay, gravel, sand), from the Paleocene to Oligocene, 23 to 66 million years old.
The section below crosses 11 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 49×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Granite. Age: Carboniferous, 324 to 359 million years old. About 6 mi of the line.
Clay, gravel, sand. Age: Paleocene to Oligocene, 23 to 66 million years old. About 4 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone, siltstone. Age: Triassic, 202 to 252 million years old. About 4 mi of the line.
Gravel. Age: Tertiary, 2.6 to 66 million years old. About 4 mi of the line.
Gravel, sand. Age: Pliocene, 2.6 to 5.3 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Sand, silt. Age: Tertiary, 2.6 to 66 million years old. About 1 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale. 5 smaller units along the line are not listed.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Manchester reaches Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean by way of Falling Creek and the James: about 110 river miles.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Manchester; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Manchester has a humid subtropical climate. Summer afternoons average 90° in July; winter nights fall to about 29° in January. A normal year brings about 9 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 46 inches of water.
On November 14 Manchester normally reaches 61° and falls to 39°. The record high is 81°, in 1993; the record low 18°, in 1976. The most rain on this date, 1.12 in, fell in 1940.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1887 from the Richmond Area threaded record (Richmond International Airport, 12 miles east, 130 ft lower). NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
