The Orange plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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3.09 inches of rain fell in two days, the most for this week of the year since records began in 1946. The next wettest, 2.22 inches, fell in 2009.
Orange’s center stands about 530 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 340 ft to 820 ft, a difference of 480 ft: hilly country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Peters Mountain, about 1,800 ft, 13 miles southwest.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Catoctin Formation - Metabasalt, from the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian, 487 to 1,000 million years old.
The section below crosses 5 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 30×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Metabasalt. Age: Neoproterozoic to Cambrian, 487 to 1,000 million years old. About 21 mi of the line.
Sandstone. Age: Triassic, 202 to 252 million years old. About 1 mi of the line.
Shale, siltstone. Age: Triassic, 202 to 252 million years old. About 0.8 mi of the line.
Conglomerate. Age: Triassic, 202 to 252 million years old. About 0.7 mi of the line.
Basalt. Age: Early Jurassic, 175 to 202 million years old. About 0.6 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Orange reaches Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean by way of Laurel Run, the Rapidan and the Rappahannock: about 170 river miles.
120 miles of the trip are on the Rappahannock.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Orange; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Orange has a humid subtropical climate. Summer afternoons average 87° in July; winter nights fall to about 25° in January. A normal year brings about 16 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 44 inches of water.
On November 14 Orange normally reaches 58° and falls to 37°. The record high is 77°, in 1994; the record low 15°, in 1986. The most rain on this date, 1.28 in, fell in 1972.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1946 at Piedmont Research Station, here. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
