The Castleton Four Corners plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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−5° on Nov. 16, 1933, the coldest reading for this week of the year since 1916. Next is −4° in 1916.
Castleton Four Corners’s center stands about 470 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 360 ft to 1,020 ft, a difference of 660 ft: hilly country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Tinmouth Mountain, about 2,820 ft, 15 miles south-southeast.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Bull Formation - Mettawee slate facies (phyllite), from the Neoproterozoic, 542 to 1,000 million years old.
The section below crosses 12 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 8×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Phyllite. Age: Neoproterozoic, 542 to 1,000 million years old. About 12 mi of the line.
Shale, phyllite, limestone. Age: Late Ordovician, 445 to 459 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Graywacke, siltstone. Age: Neoproterozoic, 542 to 1,000 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Slate, phyllite. Age: Early Cambrian to Middle Cambrian, 497 to 542 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Shale, phyllite, limestone. Age: Late Ordovician, 445 to 459 million years old. About 1 mi of the line.
Dolostone. Age: Cambrian to Early Ordovician, 471 to 497 million years old. About 0.8 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale. 6 smaller units along the line are not listed.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Castleton Four Corners reaches the St. Lawrence River by way of the Castleton, the Poultney and the Richelieu: about 230 river miles. The St. Lawrence carries it on to the Atlantic.
Lake on the way: Lake Champlain.
100 miles of the trip are on the Poultney.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Castleton Four Corners; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Castleton Four Corners has a warm-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 80° in July; winter nights fall to about 8° in January. A normal year brings about 75 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 40 inches of water.
On November 14 Castleton Four Corners normally reaches 47° and falls to 26°. The record high is 69°, in 1989; the record low 1°, in 2019. The most rain on this date, 1.20 in, fell in 1937.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1916 at Rutland, 12 miles east, 150 ft higher. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
