The Goshen plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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−6° on Nov. 13, 2019, the coldest reading for this week of the year since 1981. Next is 0° in 1986.
Goshen’s center stands about 1,200 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 510 ft to 3,100 ft, a difference of 2,590 ft: mountain country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Bread Loaf Mountain, about 3,800 ft, 11 miles north-northeast.
The section below crosses 21 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 6×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Metagraywacke, conglomerate, phyllite. Age: Neoproterozoic to Cambrian, 487 to 1,000 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Metagraywacke, muscovite-schist, phyllite. Age: Neoproterozoic to Cambrian, 487 to 1,000 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Phyllite, metagraywacke. Age: Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian, 521 to 1,000 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Gneiss. Age: Mesoproterozoic, 1.2 to 1.6 billion years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Quartzite. Age: Early Cambrian, 521 to 542 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Dolostone. Age: Early Cambrian, 521 to 542 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale. 15 smaller units along the line are not listed.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
Goshen straddles the St. Lawrence Divide. Rain on the east side runs to Long Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean; most of the rest goes to the St. Lawrence River.
From the center of town, a raindrop reaches the St. Lawrence River by way of the North Branch Neshobe, the Neshobe, Otter Creek and the Richelieu: about 200 river miles. The St. Lawrence carries it on to the Atlantic. One that lands on the east side reaches Long Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean by way of Falls Brook, Bingo Brook, the White River and the Connecticut: about 270 river miles.
Lake on the way: Lake Champlain.
80 miles of the trip are on the Richelieu.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Goshen; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Goshen has a warm-summer humid continental climate. Summer afternoons average 76° in July; winter nights fall to about 6° in January. A normal year brings about 112 inches of snow; with the rain, that comes to about 49 inches of water.
On November 14 Goshen normally reaches 44° and falls to 25°. The record high is 66°, in 2005; the record low −5°, in 2019. The most rain on this date, 0.95 in, fell in 1984.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1981 at South Lincoln, 16 miles north, 140 ft higher. NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
