The Sunderland plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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Sunderland’s center stands about 690 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 640 ft to 2,750 ft, a difference of 2,110 ft: mountain country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Stratton Mountain, about 3,940 ft, 9 miles east-southeast.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Clarendon Springs Formation (dolostone), from the Cambrian, 487 to 497 million years old.
The section below crosses 12 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 8×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Phyllite, metasiltstone. Age: Neoproterozoic to Cambrian, 487 to 1,000 million years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Gneiss. Age: Mesoproterozoic, 1.2 to 1.6 billion years old. About 5 mi of the line.
Quartzite. Age: Early Cambrian, 521 to 542 million years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Paragneiss. Age: Mesoproterozoic, 1.2 to 1.2 billion years old. About 3 mi of the line.
Carbonate, marble, sandstone. Age: Early Ordovician to Middle Ordovician, 459 to 487 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Phyllite, slate, metasiltstone. Age: Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian, 521 to 1,000 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale. 6 smaller units along the line are not listed.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Sunderland reaches New York Harbor and the Atlantic Ocean by way of Mill Brook, Batten Kill and the Hudson: about 230 river miles.
180 miles of the trip are on the Hudson.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Sunderland; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
