The Madison plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
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83° on Nov. 14, 1955, the hottest reading for this week of the year since 1894. Next is 81° in 1924.
Madison’s center stands about 710 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 580 ft to 990 ft, a difference of 410 ft: hilly country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Monte Sano Mountain, about 1,710 ft, 14 miles east-northeast.
Under the town center the state geologic map shows Tuscumbia Limestone, from the Carboniferous, 324 to 359 million years old.
The section below crosses 3 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 29×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Limestone. Age: Carboniferous, 324 to 359 million years old. About 14 mi of the line.
Limestone, siltstone. Age: Carboniferous, 324 to 359 million years old. About 6 mi of the line.
Limestone, dolostone, shale. Age: Carboniferous, 324 to 359 million years old. About 4 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Madison reaches the Gulf of America by way of Mill Creek, Bradford Creek, the Tennessee, the Ohio and the Mississippi: about 1,350 river miles.
Lakes on the way: Guntersville Lake, White Lake (historical) and Pickwick Lake.
970 miles of the trip are on the Mississippi.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Madison; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Madison has a humid subtropical climate. Summer afternoons average 92° in July; winter nights fall to about 33° in January. About 54 inches of rain fall in a normal year, with about 2 inches of snow.
On November 14 Madison normally reaches 64° and falls to 41°. The record high is 83°, in 1955; the record low 18°, in 1911. The most rain on this date, 2.21 in, fell in 1993.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1894 from the Huntsville Area threaded record (Huntsville Intnl Airport, 4 miles south-southwest). NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
