The Makanda plate. Relief from Copernicus GLO-30; rivers and lakes from USGS NHD; watersheds from the USGS Watershed Boundary Dataset; roads and city limits from Census TIGER 2024.
Sunny
Partly cloudy; warmer
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4.93 inches of rain fell in two days, the most for this week of the year since records began in 1898. The next wettest, 4.54 inches, fell in 1993.
Makanda’s center stands about 470 ft above sea level. Within three miles the land runs from 440 ft to 770 ft, a difference of 330 ft: rolling country. The highest named summit within 15 miles is Bald Knob, about 1,020 ft, 9 miles west-southwest.
The section below crosses 4 rock units mapped at the surface.
Heights every 0.1 mile from the Copernicus GLO-90 surface model; vertical exaggeration about 38×. The colored band under the surface is the rock the state geologic map shows at the surface, not a picture of what lies beneath.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Early Pennsylvanian to Middle Pennsylvanian, 307 to 324 million years old. About 15 mi of the line.
Limestone, sandstone, shale. Age: Late Mississippian, 324 to 331 million years old. About 6 mi of the line.
Limestone, sandstone, shale. Age: Middle Mississippian, 331 to 347 million years old. About 2 mi of the line.
Shale, sandstone. Age: Early Pennsylvanian, 315 to 324 million years old. About 0.9 mi of the line.
From the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation (Horton and others, 2017), the states’ geologic maps joined at a common scale.
Heights from Copernicus GLO-90 (a surface model: it includes buildings and tree canopy); summits from USGS GNIS; rivers from USGS NHDPlus HR; rock from the USGS State Geologic Map Compilation.
A raindrop that lands in Makanda reaches the Gulf of America by way of Drury Creek, Crab Orchard Creek, the Big Muddy and the Mississippi: about 1,120 river miles.
Traced down the USGS NHDPlus V2.1 river network from the Census center point of Makanda; river miles along the main stem, rounded.
Makanda has a humid subtropical climate. Summer afternoons average 88° in July; winter nights fall to about 25° in January. About 44 inches of rain fall in a normal year.
On November 14 Makanda normally reaches 57° and falls to 35°. The record high is 78°, in 1978; the record low 10°, in 1986. The most rain on this date, 1.60 in, fell in 1993.
Normals 1991–2020 and records since 1898 from the Carbondale Area threaded record (Carbondale Southern Illinois Airport, 12 miles north). NOAA, through RCC-ACIS.
